大气污染整理方法

【专家解说】：根据不同的污染方式进行不同的治理，从源头治理，从工艺过程中治理，还有排放过程中的吸收吸附，从而达到相应的排放标准 污染源是防治大气污染危害的根本措施，而治理途径是多方面的，这里就其主要方法进行介绍。 (1).工业合理布局，以方便于污染物的扩散和工厂之间互相利用废气，减少废气排放量。 (2).实行区域集中供热，以高效率的锅炉代替分散的低矮烟囱群，以高效率的锅炉代替分散的低矮烟囱排放方式。这是城市大气污染防治的有力措施。 (3).改变燃料构成。如城市工业和民用煤气、液化石油气的发展，低硫燃料和新能源(太阳能、风能、地热等)的采用。要推行采煤，以除去煤中大部分硫(主要是硫铁矿硫)。 (4).减少汽车废气排放。主要是改时发动机的燃烧设计和提高油的燃烧质量，加强交通管理。 (5).工业装置排放的有毒气体，要从工艺改革和回收利用方面予以控制。 (6).烟囱除尘。烟气中二氧化硫控制技术分干法(以固体粉未或颗粒为吸收剂)和湿法(以液体为吸收剂)两大类。 2、改变燃料构成，开发新能源要逐步推广使用天然气、煤气和石油液化气，选用低硫燃料，对重油和煤炭进行脱硫处理，开发和利用太阳能、氢燃料、地热等新能源。 3、改革生产工艺，对废气进行治理工业排放的大气污染物的治理，主要集中在除尘、控制二氧化硫和氮氧化物排放两方面。 4、区域集中供暖供热设立大的电热厂和供热站，实行区域集中供暖供热，尤其是将热电厂、供热站设在郊外，对于矮烟囱密集、冬天供暖的北方城市来说，是消除烟尘的十分有效的措施。 5、高烟囱排烟烟囱越高越有利于烟气的扩散和稀释，一般烟囱高度超过100m效果就已十分明显，过高造价急剧上升是不经济的。应当指出这是一种以扩大污染范围为代价减少局部地面污染的办法。 6、控制废气的排放时间 7、交通运输工具废气的治理 Pollution prevention and control of atmospheric pollution is a fundamental measure, and control a variety of ways, here to introduce the main methods. (1). Industrial rational distribution so as to facilitate the spread of the pollutants and the use of emissions between plants to reduce emissions. (2). The implementation of the regional central heating, high efficiency boiler chimney in place of scattered low-rise complex with high efficiency boilers in place of the low dispersion mode emission from chimneys. This is the urban air pollution prevention and control of effective measures. (3). To change the fuel composition. Such as urban industrial and civil gas, liquefied petroleum gas development, low sulfur fuels and new energy sources (solar, wind, geothermal, etc.) used. To the implementation of coal mining to remove the majority of sulfur in coal (mainly pyrite sulfur). (4). Reduce vehicle emissions. Is changed when the main combustion engine design and combustion of oil quality, and enhance traffic management schemes. (5). Plant emissions of toxic gases from the process of reform and to control recycling. (6). Chimney dust. Sulfur dioxide in flue gas control technology sub-dry (in solid absorbent powder or granules) and wet (with liquid for the absorbent) two broad categories. 2, changes in fuel composition, the development of new energy to gradually promote the use of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and choose low-sulfur fuels, the desulfurization of heavy oil and coal for processing, development and utilization of solar energy, hydrogen fuel, geothermal and other new energy. 3, the reform of the production process, for treatment of industrial emissions of air pollutants emitted from the treatment, mainly concentrated in the dust, control of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions from two-fold. 4, the establishment of the regional central heating heating plant and a large electric heating station, the implementation of the regional central heating supply, especially power plants, heating stations are located in the outskirts of the dwarf chimney-intensive, heating in winter to the northern cities that is to remove dust very effective measures. 5, the higher the high chimney chimney smoke more conducive to the spread and dilution of flue gas is generally more than 100m high chimney effect was very clear, sharp rise in the cost is too high is not the economy. It should be noted that this is a scope to expand the cost of pollution reduction in the pollution of local ground-based approach. 6, control of exhaust emission time 7, the management of transport emissions