论文中英文标题单词首字母大小写如何确定?

【专家解说】：. 英文题名(标题) 1)题名结构 英文题名短语主要形式尤名词短语( noun phrase )见即题名基本由或几名词加其前置(或)置定语构例: Discussion about the Envy of Children an the Aged (童与妒论略) Principles to Follow in Enrolling Talents in Higher Education Institutions (高校才引进应遵循原则)短语型题名要确定词再进行前修饰各词顺序重要词序导致表达准题名般应陈述句题名主要起标示作用陈述句容易使题名具判断式语义;况且陈述句够精练醒目重点易突少数情况(评述性、综述性驳斥性)用疑问句做题名疑问句探讨性语气易引起读者兴趣例: Can Agricultural Mechanization be Realized Without Petroleum? (农业机械化能离石油 ? )2)题名字数题名应总原则题名应确切、简练、醒目能准确反映论文特定内容前提题名词数越少越般宜超 10 实词 专家建议要超 15 字根据记忆特点超 12 字否则易记忆限度般超 20 字 外文题名3)英文题名致性 同篇论文其英文题名与文题名内容应致等于说词语要应许情况别非实质性词省略或变4)题名写 题名字母写三种格式 A. 全部字母写例: DISCUSSION about THE ENVY OF CHIDREN AND THE AGED B. 每词首字母写三或四字母冠词、连词、介词全部写例: From Go-back-to-history to Non-history ---- A Criticism of New Historicism C. 题名第词首字母写其余字母均写例: Topographic inversion of interval velocities .般采用 B. 格式2.作者与作者单位英译 1) 作者名按汉语拼音拼写作者姓名汉语拼音采用写:姓前名 间空格 例: Li Ping (李平) Li Xiaoping (李平)2) 单位单位名称要写全(由)例: No. 152, Xingan West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 名拼写:第字字母写面字紧跟面写例: Beijing, Nanhai 3.英文摘要 原则讲文摘要编写注意事项都适用于英文摘要摘要内容主要 ① 点明主题解析文章目或意图; ② 介绍主要内容使读者迅速解文章或书籍概貌; ③ 提结论或建议供读者参考英语其自表达式、语言习惯主要译英往往造所占篇幅较同内容段文字若用英文描述其占用篇幅能比文倍撰写英文摘要更应注意简洁明力争用短篇幅提供主要信息英文摘要致性主要指内容面致性问题认识存两误区认两摘要内容差行英文摘要随意删文摘要重点内容或随意增补文摘要所未提及内容容易造文摘重转移甚至偏离主题二认英文摘要文摘要硬性译文摘要每字都敢遗漏往往使英文摘要用词累赘、重复显拖沓、冗英文摘要应严格、全面表达文摘要内容能随意增删并意味着字能改具体撰写式应遵循英文语修辞规则符合英文专业术语规范并照顾英文表达习惯选择适态语态使摘要符合英文语修辞规则前提通情况摘要谓语词态语态都通篇律应根据具体内容所变化否则容易造理解混乱种变化并非章循其存着些规律:1)英文摘要态 英文摘要态运用简练佳用般现、般少用现完、完进行态其复合态基本用A. 般现用于说明研究目、叙述研究内容、描述结、结论、提建议或讨论等例: This study (investigation) is (conducted, undertaken) to… The result shows (reveals) that… It is found that… The conclusions are… The author suggests that… .涉及公认事实、自规律、永恒真理等要用般现B. 般用于叙述某刻(段)发现、某研究程(实验、观察、调查等程)例: The techniques of questionnaire and interview were applied to study women customers' demand for cosmetics in January and August, 2005. 需要指用般描述发现、现象往往尚能确认自规律、永恒真理何何;所描述研究程明显带间痕迹C. 现完完完少用用现完发或已完事情与现联系起完用表示某间前已经完事情或事情完前已完另行例: Concrete has been studied for many years. Man has not yet learned to store the solar energy.2)英文摘要语态 采用何种语态既要考虑摘要特点要满足表达需要篇摘要短尽量要随便混用更要句混用数情况采用语态采用语态情况主要:说明事实经某件事谁做须证明;强调作承受者;些情况必须用强调事物做主语例: In this case, a greater accuracy in measuring distance might be obtained. 某些情况特别表达作者或关专家观点使用主语态其优点鲜明力且摘要谓语词采用主语态助于文字清晰、简洁及表达力例: The author systematically introduces the history and development of the tissue culture of poplar 比 The history and development of the tissue culture of poplar are introduced systematically 语要强3)英文摘要称 摘要首句用第三称 This paper… 等或采用更简洁语态般用第称4 )遣词造句 掌握定遣词造句技巧简单、准确表达作者观点减少读者误解A. 用词力求简单表达同意思尽量用短词代替词用词代替僻词描述、步骤应该用狭义词代替广义词例英文少词 do, run, get, take 等虽简单用其意义少则十几则几十用类词描述研究程读者难免产误解甚至知所云要求根据具体情况选择意义相明确词诸 perform, achieve 等便于读者理解B. 造句尽量使用短句句容易造语义清;要避免单调重复熟悉英文摘要用句型:尽管英文句型种类繁丰富彩摘要用句型却限且形定规律体归纳( 1 )表示研究目用摘要首 In order to……This paper describes……The purpose of this study is……( 2 )表示研究象与 The curative effect/function] of certain drug was observed/studied… ( 3 )表示研究结: The result showed/It proved/The authors found that… ( 4 )表示结论、观点或建议: The authors suggest/conclude/consider that… 二尽量采用 -ing 词 -ed 词作定语少用关系代词 which , who 等引导定语句由于摘要态采用般使用关系代词引导定语句使句式变复杂且容易造态混乱(定语所修饰主语、宾语间存定 间差完、等往往难准确判定采用 -ing 词 -ed 词作定语简化语句同减少态判定失误5)注意事项 英文摘要写作程应避免些见错误 A. 冠词主要定冠词 the 易漏用 the 用于表示整群体、类、间、名外独二事物、形容词高级等较易掌握用于特指漏用原则即我用 the 听者或读者已经确知我所指例: The author designed a new machine. The machine is operated with solar energy. 由于现缩略语越越要注意区 a an an X ray. B. 数词避免用阿拉伯数字作首词: Three hundred samples are collected… Three hundred 要写 300. C. 单复数些名词单复数形式易辨认造谓语形式错总看英文文献积累经验摸索规律提高英文写作水平才能写英文摘要英文摘要见句型 1) This paper deals with... 2) This article focuses on the topics of...3) This essay presents knowledge that... 4) This thesis discusses...5) This thesis analyzes... 6) This paper provides an overview of...7) This paper elaborates on ... 8) This article gives an overview of...9) This paper provides a method of ... 10) This paper considers...11) The writer of this paper discusses... 12) This paper strongly emphasizes...13) This article explores... 14) This paper tries to describe...15) This article covers the role of chemicals in...16) This paper presents up to date information on...17) This article not only describes...but also suggests...18) This paper includes discussions concerning...19) This article compares...and summarizes key findings.20) This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21) This paper offers the latest information regarding...22) This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23) This paper addresses important topics including... 24) This paper expresses views on...25) This paper reports the latest information on ... 26) This paper provides an analysis of ...27) This paper gives an account of ... 28) The aim of this paper is to determine...29) The objective of this paper is to explore...30) The purpose of this article is to review/ prove/ show/ present/ develop/ generalize/ investigate4.关键词关键词反映文章主要内容术语文献检索重要作用关键词般用名词且标题或摘要选取每篇文章选 3 ~ 8 关键词文章题名名、名作关键词标应标注英文关键词、英文关键词应应文关键词前应冠关键词:英文关键词前冠 Key words :作标识关键词间应号隔便于计算机自切关键词扩展词组 / 短语毋用单词汇单词汇基础进行扩展:营销→网络营销→网络营销管理切记避免关键字堆砌5.英文参考文献英文参考文献顺序按作者 ( 编者 ) 姓名字母依排列作者 ( 编者 ) 或第作者其姓写前面并用逗号与名字隔;非第作者姓名仍名写前姓写面同作者同著作按照版间先顺序排列其著作律排论文前面同作者其著作用横线代替作者名字没作者 ( 编写 ) 按文献名称字母顺序排列著作版信息版、版社再用括号括起版间写作者 ( 编者 ) 姓名用括号括起用逗号与文献名称隔期刊杂志文章要标明起止页码页码前必加 p. 或 pp. 首行顶格文献信息超行第二行起缩进两字母距离例:Aron, Raymond (1966), Peace and War , New York: Doubleday. Baldwin, David (ed.) (1993), Neorealism and Neoliberalism : The Cotemporary Debate, New York: Columbia University Press.Blechman, Barry M. and Stephen S. Kaplan (1978), Force without War , Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution.