汽车英语翻译

【专家解说】：车用能源转型的方向和重点 车用能源转型的方向将从石油、天然气/煤层气、煤基燃料向生物质燃料和化石能、核能及可再生能源制氢和发电过渡。从资源来源看，中长期车用石油替代燃料的主体将来自三方面：煤基燃料、生物燃料、天然气燃料。到2020年，总量将可达到3000万吨以上，占车用燃料总消费的15%~20%，与欧盟的预期目标基本相同。从车辆应用角度看，车用代用燃料主要有三类：含氧燃料（醇/醚/酯）、合成油（BTL/CTL/GTL）、气体燃料（甲烷气/合成气/氢气）。含氧燃料技术成熟，是近期推广应用的重点，一般以掺混使用为宜。合成油与现有车辆技术体系和基础设施安全兼容，而且是一种优质的环保燃料。其技术也还有较大的改进余地。从中长期看，将成为一种主体代用燃料。气体燃料中，甲烷气是近中期的重点，以天然气为例，2020年，我国天然气供应量可达到1200亿m3 以上，如拿出10%左右用于汽车就可替代1000万吨左右汽柴油；合成气是各种一次能源通过气化工艺制成的富氢气体，是各种汽车新型燃料的原料气，也可直接用做车用燃料，在车用能源转型中发挥着关键作用；氢气是一种原料来源广泛、尾气排放为零的环保燃料，是车用能源转型的战略目标之一。根据国家中长期科技发展规划纲要，我国将从基础科学研究、前沿技术创新、工程应用开发等多个层面实施对氢能技术的重点突破。 汽车动力转型与混合动力 汽车动力系统是一个完整的体系，包括燃料、发动机、动力传动系统三个主要层次。根据生命周期循环分析，从油井到车轮的效率来看，源于石油的最佳组合是：汽油 /柴油—内燃机—混合动力；源于天然气、煤的氢燃料电池及其混合动力可与合成燃料内燃机及其混合动力竞争。近年来，汽车动力系统最大的突破是混合动力技术，它为汽车动力系统的转型奠定了基础平台。 当前，内燃机混合动力轿车产业化是动力转型的里程碑。采用混联式汽车混合动力系统的轿车城市工况可节油40%左右。混合动力还为汽车排放控制尤其是城市工况条件下的排放控制提供了有效的新途径。鉴于我国私人轿车主要集中在大中城市，混合动力车辆也具有重要的节能环保意义。要借鉴我国汽车产业在发动机电控喷射等技术变革中所积累的开发经验和商业模式，并通过税收优惠等激励政策，大力开发和推广混合动力。 今后，发展我国混合动力有两条技术路线值得重视：一是轿车混合动力的模块化。通过功能模块的发展与组合逐步推进汽车动力的电气化。从只有具备自动启停、怠速关机功能的“微混全”（micro-hybrid）、以并联式混合动力发动机为主体的“轻混合”（micro- hybrid）和以混联式为特征的“全混合”（full-hybrid），随着电功率的比例逐步提高，最终过渡到串联式“可充电混合”（plug-in- hybrid）。二是城市客车混合动力系统的平台化。发电机组+驱动电机+储能装置构成了混合动力系统的基本技术平台。通过换用不同的辅助动力总成（APU）适应从汽、柴油内燃机到氢能燃料电池各种不同的能源动力转化装置，形成油—电、气—电、电—电各种不同混合动力，促进动力系统的平稳过渡与转型。 欧阳明高，现任全国政协常委，教育部长江学者特聘教授，清华大学汽车工程系主任，汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室主任，清华节能与新能源汽车工程中心主任。兼任国家“863”“电动汽车”重大专项总体组专家，中国汽车工程学会发动机分会主任委员，中国内燃机学会副理事长。 Countries new energy and Motor energy transformation of the direction and key Motor energy transformation from the direction of oil and natural gas to coal and CBM, / to biomass fuel and fossil fuel can, nuclear and renewable hydrogen production and power transition. From sources is look, long-term the subject of vehicle oil alternative fuels will come from three aspects: coal based fuels, biofuels, gas fuel. By 2020, total amount will be reached 3,000 tons, the total consumption of automotive fuel 15% ~ 20%, and the eu targets of basic and same. Application perspective from vehicles, vehicle alternative fuel three main: oxygen-bearing fuel (alcohol/ether/ester), synthetic oil (GTL) BTL/CTL/methane gas, gas fuel (syngas/hydrogen). / Oxygen-bearing fuel mature technology, the application of the recent key, general with mixed use advisable. Synthetic oils with existing vehicle technology system and infrastructure security compatible, and is a high-quality environmental fuel. The technology also have greater room for improvement. From the long run, will become a main alternative fuel. Gas fuel, methane gas is the key JinZhongQi with natural gas, for example, by 2020, and China's natural gas supply can reach 120 billion m3 above, such as took 10% used in automobile can replace about 1,000 tons of gasoline and diesel; Syngas is all sorts of primary energy through the gasification processes, made of rich hydrogen gas is all sorts of new fuel car feedgas, also direct vehicle fuel used in motor energy transformation, plays a key role; Hydrogen is a raw material origin is widespread, emissions to zero environmental fuel, is the strategic target of vehicle energy transformation of one. According to the national long-term technology development program, our country will from fundamental scientific research, technical innovation and engineering application frontier development of hydrogen technology implementation on multiple levels of key breakthrough. Auto power transformation and hybrid Auto power system is a complete system, including fuel, engine, power transmission system three main level. According to the life cycle analysis, from the efficiency of oil to the wheels, from the perspective of oil optimal combination is: gasoline/diesel - internal combustion engine - hybrid; From natural gas, coal hydrogen fuel cell and its hybrid can and synthetic fuel internal combustion engine and its hybrid competition. In recent years, auto power system is the biggest breakthrough hybrid technology for car dynamic systems, which laid a foundation platform of transformation. Currently, hybrid cars industrialization is the internal combustion engine power transformation milestone. Using mixed association-like car hybrid system of urban condition can fuel-efficient cars by around 40%. Hybrid car emissions control especially for urban conditions emissions control provides effective new way. View our private cars mainly concentrated in cities, hybrid vehicles also has important energy conservation and environmental protection significance. The auto industry in our country should learn from electronic engine control injection technology accumulated in the transformation of development experience and business models, and through tax incentives and other incentive policy, develop and promote hybrid. In the future, developing hybrid have two technical route worth attention: one is the car hybrid of modularization. Through the development and function modules combination of power to promote the gradual car electrified. From only possesses automatic start-stop, idle shutdown function "micro mix all the" (micro hybrid), with parallel - hybrid engine as the main body of the "light blending" (micro hybrid) and to mix - characterized association-like mixed "(" all full hybrid), along with the power - the proportion of transition to gradual enhancement, eventually tandemvibratory" rechargeable mixed plug - in - "(hybrid). 2 it is a city bus hybrid system of the platform. Generator + drive motor + storage device constitute the basic hybrid system technology platform. Through for a different auxiliary power assembly (the APU) from gasoline and diesel to hydrogen fuel cell diesel engines to different kinds of energy and power conversion device, forming oil, electricity, gas, electricity, electricity - all sorts of different hybrid electric power system, promoting the smooth transition and transformation. The Chinese people's political consultative conference, the incumbent OuYangMingGao changjiang scholar and professor, ministry of education, tsinghua university hires automotive engineering department, automobile safety and energy, director of state key laboratory, tsinghua energy saving and new energy vehicle engineering center director. Concurrently national "863" "electric car" major projects ZongTiZu experts, China automotive engineering society, the chairman of the committee engine branch China internal combustion engine society vice-chairman.