九年级英语第八单元知识点

【专家解说】： Unit 8一、短语1.    clean up 清扫                     2.give out 分发，发放3.cheer up=make…happier 使...高兴，使...振作4.after school study program 课外学习班5.come up with=think up 提出，想出     6.put off(doing sth) 推迟(做某事)7.write down 写下，记下          8.put up 张贴9.hand out 分发，发放 = give out          10.call sb up 给某人打电话 = ring sb up = give sb a call/ring = call/ telephone sb = make a telephone call with sb11.ser up=establish 建立       12.be home to sb 是某人的家园13.volunteer one’s time to do sth 自愿花时间干...14.put…to use… 把...投入使用         15.elementary school 小学16.plan to do sth 计划干...打算干= plan on doing sth 17.coach a football team for kids 训练少年足球队18.start a Chinese History club 开办一个中国史俱乐部19.run out of 用完，耗尽    20.take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象21.fix up 修理    22.give away 捐赠    23.be similar to 与...相似24.ask for 索要    ask sb for sth 向某人要某物25.a call-in center for parents 家长热线26.hang out 闲荡 27.put up signs asking for singing jobs 张贴寻求唱歌工作的广告28.run out of money for singing lessons 学唱歌的钱用完了29.disabled people 残疾人        30.for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问31.fill…with... 用...填充...   be filled with = be full of 被装满了...32.help...out 帮助...做事，解决难题（摆脱困境）33.a specially trained dog 一只经过特殊训练的狗34.train sb to do sth 训练某人干...    35.fetch my book 去把我的书拿来36.part of speech 词性 二、重点知识1．You could give out food at a food bank. (P60)你可以在食品供应站分发食品。give out在这里是“分发”，“散发”的意思。Our English teacher gave out the examination papers when the bell rang. 我们的英语老师在铃响的时候分发试卷。◎另外一个意思为“用完”，“消耗尽”。After a week their food supplies gave out. 一周之后，他们的食物供应用完了。◎还有一个意思为“发出”，“送出”。The sun gives out a lot of heat. 太阳能发出热量。2．He looks sad. Let’s cheer him up.(P61)他看上去很伤心。我们去帮他振作起来吧。cheer up sb或cheer sb up意为“（使某人）高兴起来，振作起来”。如果是代词做宾语，则将代词放在中间。Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 不要发愁啦，这消息不错嘛！He took her to the ballet to cheer her up. 他为了使她高兴起来，便带她去看芭蕾舞。3．This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment. (P62)这份义工每周花了他们每个人好几个小时的时间，所以这是一个重大的贡献。(1)each of them是指“他们中的每一个”。如果做主语，则谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。知识拓展each与every的用法◎each指一个整体中的每一个，强调个体；every着重于全体的总和，强调整体。试比较：Each has a different book. （强调各有不同。）Here every child at the age of six can go to school. （侧重整体，无一例外。）◎each可作形容词及代词，而every只能作形容词，但可与-one，-body，-thing等构成复合代词。◎each用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of连接，如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of连接，如不可以说every of them，而要说every one of them或each of them。◎every还可以表示“每隔”，后接基数词加名词，如every four weeks, every three months等，此种结构中的every不能用each代替。She had a rest every fives minutes. 她每隔5分钟就休息一会儿。魔力纠错①街道两旁有许多商店。误：There are many shops on every side of the street.正：There are many shops on each side of the street.魔力解析each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物，但是every却总是指三个或三个以上的人或物，不能指两者。4.Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. (P62)我不仅对帮助别人感到很满足，而且我还渐渐地花时间做自己喜爱做的事情。(1)not only ... but also (also可省略)是“不但……而且……”的意思，当置于句首时，not only后面从句的主谓要倒装，但but （also）后面的主谓不用倒装。Not only has he been to Canada, but (also) he knows some Canadians.他不仅去过加拿大，而且还认识许多加拿大人。Not only did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels.他不仅在学校里教书，而且还写小说。Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如：  ①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。  ②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。常见的就近原则的结构有：     Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。     Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)hand in“面交”，“上交”。The students are handing their papers in.学生们在交试卷。10. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. (P64)他想到的那些办法获得了成功。(1)这是一个由that引导的定语从句，先行词是前面的strategies。动词短语worked out在这里作主语the strategies的谓语，意为“产生结果，发展为，结果是……”，后面不可接宾语，主语也不用“人”来充当。I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice. 我很想知道他们的想法在实践中取得了什么结果。We didn’t plan it like that but it worked out very well.我们原不是那样计划的，但结果却很好。知识拓展work out的其它用法It was the best solution that he was able to work out at this time. 这是他这时能想出的最好的解决办法了。（想出）I can’t work out the meaning of this poem.  我理解不了这首诗的意思。（理解）Have you worked out this math problem? 你已经算出这道数学问题了吗？(算出)短语链语◎work on意为“从事”。Professor Green is working on a new book. 格林教授正在写一本新书。He is working on a maths problem. 他正在算一道数学难题。◎work on后面无宾语时，表示继续工作。It’s very late, but they were still working on.时间很晚了，但他们仍然在继续工作。(2)fine在这里是副词，可与well替换，意思是“好，顺利”。The machine works fine. 这台机器运行很好。Sam is doing fine in his new business. 萨姆在他的新业务中一切进展顺利。11.Who has filled my life with pleasure. (P66)……使我生活充满快乐的人。(1)本句中的fill...with...表示一个动作，意为“用……装满……”，其主语通常是人。He filled the bag with books. 他在书包里装满了书。Please fill the bottle with milk. 请将瓶子装满牛奶。知识拓展be filled with表示一个状态，意为“装满了……”，相当于be full of，其主语通常是人或物。The room was filled with smoke. 房间里浓烟弥漫。Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了泪水。(2)pleasure意为“高兴，快乐”，是不可数名词；表示“乐趣，高兴的事”时是可数名词。Reading gives me great pleasure. 读书给了我很多快乐。It is one of my greatest pleasures. 它是我最大乐趣之一。◎在口语中It’s pleasure. 是回答感谢的客套语。 —Thank you for your help. 感谢你的帮助。—It’s a pleasure. 不用谢。特别提示◎pleased是形容词，意为“自己感到高兴的，欣喜的，满意的”，指以任何方式表现出来或未表现出来的满足与快乐，在句中常用作表语，其主语为人。The two friends were very pleased to see each other again. 这两个朋友非常高兴再次见面。I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me. 使我高兴的是经理已经不再生我的气了。◎pleasant也是形容词，表示“使人感到愉快／满意”，一般用作定语，如主语是物，也可以用作表语。It’s pleasant weather today. 今天的天气令人愉快。It’s very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.站了几小时后坐下来很舒服。◎please是动词，表示“（使）高兴，满意，愉快”。Does the cloth please you? 这布料合你的意吗？12. Because I can’t use my arms or legs well, normal things like answering the telephone, opening and shutting doors, or carrying things have always been difficult for me. (P66)因为我不能灵活地使用我的手和脚，像接电话、开关门、拿东西这样的事情对于我来说都很难。(1)本句中的shut意为“关”，在许多情况下可以与close互换，只是后者语气较弱，如close the door关门（也可能指半开半闭），shut the door关门（指把门关紧）。That shop shuts at eight pm. 那家商店八点钟关门。He closed his speech with a funny joke. 他用一个有趣的笑话结束了演说。◎当表示“关闭公路，铁路或交通工具”或作“结束”讲时，只用close。They have closed the road for thick fog. 由于大雾，那条公路被关闭。特别提示turn off用来表示“关闭”有开关的东西，如收音机、电视、煤气、水龙头等。Please turn off the light when you leave the lab. 在你离开实验室前关掉灯。Make sure the gas is turned off before you go to bed. 确保上床前把煤气关掉。(2)本句中的carry意为“搬运，携带”，不表示带到什么地方，而携带的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。She carried a baby in her arms. 她怀里抱了一个孩子。He was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder.他扛着一个木箱。特别提示在后面“Lucky! Fetch my book.”一句中出现的fetch相当于go and bring back，意为“取来，接来”，表示一往一返。Let’s fetch some water. 咱们去打点水来。People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood. 为了取木料，人们不得不走许多公里路。